The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), an independent scientific review panel commissioned by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA), concluded that, after two years of research, glycoloic acid and lactic acid (both of which are alpha hydroxy acids) with no more than 10% concerntration are safe for use in cosmetics products that have broad-spectrum sun protection and a pH greater than or equal to 3.5, The CIR also concluded that professional-use products containing 30% or less glycolic acid or lactic acid intended for brief, discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing from the skin and administered by skin care professionals are also safe for use with broad-spectrum sun protection products.